There have been numerous reactions to many of the policy items in Gov. Andrew Cuomo’s state budget. But how did the governor’s budgeting skills measure up? Two budget watchdog organizations are giving him mixed reviews.

Citizens Budget Commission has been analyzing New York state and New York City budgets since the Great Depression. Its president, Andrew Rein, gives Cuomo and his budget office high marks for not overestimating how much revenue the state might receive from authorizing the sale of recreational cannabis for adults in New York, and for not anticipating any tax money from sales until the following fiscal year.

“The governor did the right thing,” Rein said. “Other states have gotten burned when they’ve tried to recognize marijuana revenues too quickly.”

Cuomo, in his budget, estimated that when the program is fully up and running, it will generate $300 million a year from three separate taxes on wholesalers, distributors and retailers.

Rein said the governor deserves credit for pushing a congestion pricing plan for Manhattan that will help fund needed fixes to mass transportation, and for agreeing to some reform in the procurement of economic development contracts, which has led to scandal in the past.

But he said there are concerns. The state faces a $3 billion budget gap. Personal income tax revenues were down by $500 million in the last quarter of 2018. Rein said the state isn’t saving enough money to prepare for a potential economic downturn.

“This is the longest recovery in our lifetimes put together,” said Rein, who said some economists are looking at a potential downturn in 2020. “We only have less than a quarter, probably, of what we need.”

E.J. McMahon with the conservative-leaning fiscal watchdog group The Empire Center calls the drop in income tax revenue a “yellow flag.” Cuomo, in his Jan. 14 budget address, blamed the income tax drop on changes to the federal tax code.

But McMahon said the governor’s own budget office’s analysis said there’s more going on, and he said it “cites volatility in financial markets” as a reason for the decrease. He said that lowers capital gains tax collections.

A spokesman for the governor’s budget office said there’s actually more money set aside than what’s in the state’s “rainy day” fund. Morris Peters said there is still $4 billion held in reserve from financial settlements with banks after the last recession.

Peters said the total amount currently held by the state in reserve is closer to $7 billion. He also said the governor’s efforts in his eight years in office to hold down spending growth and end programs that automatically increased year-to-year spending makes New York better prepared to weather any potential economic downturn.

The governor, in his budget, proposed extending the temporary income tax surcharge on millionaires for another five years. Both Citizens Budget Commission and the Empire Center say that’s a bad idea. McMahon said the state’s wealthiest are already under pressure, and more taxes could cause them to leave the state altogether.

“We are very heavily dependent on high earners, millionaire earners, in New York state,” McMahon said. “They pay almost 40 percent of the income tax.”

McMahon credits Cuomo for pushing to make the state’s property tax cap permanent. And he said the governor is holding the line on spending growth once again. Cuomo said he’s keeping the spending growth rate to 2 percent, but McMahon said the rate is actually closer to 3 percent.

McMahon said the governor is on the right track by ending a program supported by Republicans in the state Senate that mailed property tax rebate checks to voters each fall, close to Election Day. He called that program a “complete waste of money.” Democrats, who now control both houses of the Legislature, are not expected to renew it.

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